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J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025 Oct 9:102607. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102607. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE(S): Paediatric frontal fractures are uncommon injuries that may lead to significant complications. This study aimed to analyse patterns, surgical management, and outcomes of paediatric frontal sinus fractures in 14 maxillofacial centers worldwide.

METHODS: This multicentric retrospective study included patients ≤ 16 years of age operated for frontal fractures from January 2011 and December 2022. Collected data included: age, sex, cause of injury, site and type of fracture, surgical approach, nasofrontal outflow tract (NFOT) involvement, treatment, and outcome. Patients were divided based on the absence (group A) or presence (group B) of frontal sinus pneumatisation. Minimum follow-up was 6 months.

RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (mean age, 11.5 years) were included. Road traffic accidents were the main cause of injury (50%). In group A, 5/6 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). In group B, 15 patients reported an isolated anterior table fracture, fixated with ORIF in 88% of cases. Nine patients reported combined anterior + posterior table fractures, 67% managed with anterior table fixation and cranialisation. One patient had an isolated posterior table fracture and underwent cranialisation. NFOT involvement was statistically associated with combined fractures (67%) (p=0.028) and managed with obliteration in 8/9 cases. Residual contour deformities of the frontal convexity were the most frequent complication (19%).

CONCLUSION: The surgical management varied by fracture site and sinus pneumatisation. Clinical outcomes were generally favourable, with residual contour deformities being the most common complications. Centers showed consistent approaches, but further multicenter studies are needed to establish definitive treatment strategies.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

PMID:41076083 | DOI:10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102607

BMJ Case Rep. 2025 Oct 7;18(10):e267957. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2025-267957.

ABSTRACT

A woman in her 60s reported 'cramping' of her tongue, and examination showed continuous undulating movements of the right tongue typical of myokymia. MRI demonstrated compression of the right hypoglossal nerve and the right internal carotid artery by a soft tissue mass involving the right carotid space and hypoglossal canal. A biopsy of the mass was considered too dangerous, but anti-MPO-ANCA (myeloperoxidase specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic) antibodies were found positive, and a tentative diagnosis of MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis (i.e., microscopic polyangiitis-MPA) was made. She was treated with intravenous corticosteroids and then oral prednisone. She did not tolerate rituximab, so was treated with cyclophosphamide, followed by azathioprine. Eight months later, MRI showed complete resolution of the lesion, and her anti-MPO antibodies became negative. Her tongue myokymia was greatly decreased, but had not completely resolved.

PMID:41062117 | DOI:10.1136/bcr-2025-267957

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2025 Oct 8;95(1):99. doi: 10.1007/s00280-025-04809-1.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: OX40 may stimulate T-cell activation, potentially enhanced with checkpointinhibition. Results are from the dose-escalation part of an ongoing, multicenter, open-label study (NCT04215978, registered 30 December 2019) investigating OX40 agonist BGB-A445 alone or with anti-PD-1 antibody tislelizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.

METHODS: Adults ≥18 years with previously treated advanced solid tumors, measurable by RECIST v1.1, enrolled. Dose-escalation A: 8 cohorts received increasing doses of IV BGB-A445 as monotherapy (20, 60, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 3600 mg); dose-escalation B: 6 cohorts received increasing doses of IV BGB-A445 (150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 3600 mg) + IV tislelizumab 200 mg. Primary objectives were safety and tolerability; secondary objectives included overall response rate (ORR) and pharmacokinetics.

RESULTS: 112 patients were treated (A, n=63; B, n=49); 34/112 (30.4%) previously received checkpoint inhibitors. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 36 (57.1%) (A) and 37 (75.5%) (B) patients, were grade ≥3 in 4 (6.3%) and 9 (18.4%), and caused treatment discontinuations in 1 (1.6%) and 1 (2.0%), respectively. Immune-mediated adverse events occurred in 8 (12.7%) (A) and 18 (36.7%) (B) patients, and infusion-related reactions in 9 (14.3%) (A) and 9 (18.4%) (B). No dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Unconfirmed ORR was 3.3% (unconfirmed partial response [PR], n=2) (A); confirmed was 21.3% (including PR, n=10) (B). BGB-A445 exposure increased dose-proportionally with a half-life of 8-13 days. OX40 receptor occupancy was saturated at ≥300 mg BGB-A445 in all cohorts.

CONCLUSION: BGB-A445 was well tolerated and demonstrated on-target immune activation at clinically relevant doses. Antitumor activity was observed across cohorts.

PMID:41060432 | DOI:10.1007/s00280-025-04809-1

New Phytol. 2025 Oct 5. doi: 10.1111/nph.70624. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41047608 | DOI:10.1111/nph.70624

J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2025 Oct 6:19345798251384932. doi: 10.1177/19345798251384932. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundIntrauterine lung development is a complex process. Little is known regarding developmental breathing patterns of infants from delivery to discharge. In this study, we analyze developmental changes in work of breathing indices and oxygen saturation between healthy preterm and term infants at discharge.MethodsA prospective, observational study of healthy term infants at a single center nursery. Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography and pulse oximetry were studied in the supine position, between 12 and 48 h of birth. Comparative analysis was performed with data from our study of premature infants without BPD.ResultsThe study included 63 infants (32 premature and 31 full term). Work of breathing was increased in term infants compared to preterm infants at discharge (Mean phase-angle, Φ ± SEM; Term: 73 ± 5° vs Preterm: 49 ± 7°; p = 0.017). Term infants had lower mean oxygen saturation (Term: 95 ± 0.42% vs Preterm: 97 ± 0.32%; p < 0.001), respiratory rate (Term: 56 ± 2.99 br/min vs Preterm: 67 ± 2.55 br/min; p < 0.008), and heart rate (Term: 130 ± 2.4 bpm vs Preterm: 158 ± 1.8 bpm; p < 0.0001) compared to preterm infants at discharge.ConclusionPreterm infants at discharge demonstrated more efficient thoracoabdominal synchrony and higher oxygen saturation than term infants. These findings suggest that preterm infants develop adaptive respiratory strategies in response to early and prolonged extrauterine respiratory demands, which confer physiological advantages despite structural immaturity. The data could influence post-discharge monitoring of preterm infants.

PMID:41047948 | DOI:10.1177/19345798251384932

New Phytol. 2025 Oct 5. doi: 10.1111/nph.70624. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41047608 | DOI:10.1111/nph.70624

Br J Pharmacol. 2025 Oct 3. doi: 10.1111/bph.70213. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purinergic receptor family is primarily activated by nucleotides, and contains members of both the G protein coupled-receptor (GPCR) superfamily (P1 and P2Y) and ligand-gated ion channels (P2X). The P2Y receptors are widely expressed in the human body, and given the ubiquitous nature of nucleotides, purinergic signalling is involved with a plethora of molecular physiological functions. The widespread nature of P2Y receptors make them a viable therapeutic target, but with the negative risk of on-target side effects. Some of the side effects associated with P1 and P2Y receptors arise due to the pleiotropic nature of many GPCRs, because a singular GPCR can activate several G proteins, as well as recruit β-arrestins. The utilisation of ligands that exhibit downstream pathway-specific activation, also known as biased signalling, at the P2Y receptors could circumvent these issues. This review will cover the signalling nature and impact of the P2Y family, with an emphasis on individual activity patterns of the P2Y receptors. This review also discusses current literature on the development of biased ligands for these receptors, with an aim to highlight the most beneficial targets and outcomes.

PMID:41041819 | DOI:10.1111/bph.70213

Br J Pharmacol. 2025 Oct 3. doi: 10.1111/bph.70213. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purinergic receptor family is primarily activated by nucleotides, and contains members of both the G protein coupled-receptor (GPCR) superfamily (P1 and P2Y) and ligand-gated ion channels (P2X). The P2Y receptors are widely expressed in the human body, and given the ubiquitous nature of nucleotides, purinergic signalling is involved with a plethora of molecular physiological functions. The widespread nature of P2Y receptors make them a viable therapeutic target, but with the negative risk of on-target side effects. Some of the side effects associated with P1 and P2Y receptors arise due to the pleiotropic nature of many GPCRs, because a singular GPCR can activate several G proteins, as well as recruit β-arrestins. The utilisation of ligands that exhibit downstream pathway-specific activation, also known as biased signalling, at the P2Y receptors could circumvent these issues. This review will cover the signalling nature and impact of the P2Y family, with an emphasis on individual activity patterns of the P2Y receptors. This review also discusses current literature on the development of biased ligands for these receptors, with an aim to highlight the most beneficial targets and outcomes.

PMID:41041819 | DOI:10.1111/bph.70213

PLoS One. 2025 Sep 29;20(9):e0333662. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0333662. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Tea garden populations with poor socio-economic status are at risk of developing TB. The active case finding (ACF) approach is effective in finding TB among the people at risk. We have conducted ACF for TB to find people with presumptive TB in the tea gardens of Sylhet division to identify TB disease. It was a cross-sectional survey conducted at the household level, in the randomly selected three tea gardens of Sylhet division. The selected population was 20,215 and was screened for TB presumptive symptoms between July and Oct 2022. Each presumptive had required TB testing, which includes GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) or Sputum microscopy, X-ray, and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) if there was gland swelling. Around 99.6% (20,127/20,215) of the surveyed population were screened for TB. Among the screened population, gender distribution was almost equal, and 34% had no education. And people with presumptive TB were 0.8%; among them, most (91%) were pulmonary TB presumptive with male predominance. Among all presumptive, 87.4% had a cough for ≥ 14 days and 78% had a fever. We identified a total of 17 pulmonary TB; among them, bacteriologically confirmed TB were only 6 (35.3%). The estimated proportion of TB among the surveyed population was 0.10%. The findings suggest a need for sustained TB screening activities integrated with community involvement.

PMID:41021625 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0333662

Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Sep 8;61(9):1621. doi: 10.3390/medicina61091621.

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: A cesarean scar defect (CSD), also referred to as a niche or isthmocele, is often detected incidentally during transvaginal sonography (TVS) and is typically asymptomatic. However, the exact prevalence of symptomatic niches remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of cesarean scar niches and identify potential risk factors in a prospectively gathered cohort of Egyptian women. Materials and Methods: The primary endpoint was to determine the incidence of isthmoceles after six months following a cesarean section (CS) and to investigate any associated symptoms and risk factors. The study included 420 women, divided into three groups: Group A included 140 women who had undergone their first CS, Group B included 140 women with a history of two CSs, and Group C consisted of 140 women with more than two prior CSs. Results: Niches were identified in 23.8% of the participants via TVS. The highest incidence was observed in women with more than two previous CSs (31.2%, 39/125), followed by those with two prior CSs (24.4%, 30/123), and the lowest was among women with one previous CS (16.3%, 22/135). Of the 91 women diagnosed with a CS niche, only 23 (25.27%) reported symptoms-most commonly postmenstrual spotting (7.7%) and dyspareunia (8.8%). Conclusions: The findings indicate that multiple cesarean deliveries, the uterine positioning (as assessed via TVS), a postpartum fever, breastfeeding, low post-cesarean platelet counts, and maternal anemia are contributing factors to the development of cesarean scar niches.

PMID:41011012 | DOI:10.3390/medicina61091621

J Phys Condens Matter. 2025 Sep 25. doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/ae0be1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This perspective outlines a selection of research directions that members of the JPCM editorial board anticipate may shape the frontier of condensed matter physics over the next decade. Rather than a comprehensive review or formal roadmap, this perspective reflects a set of informed views drawn from diverse areas of expertise. Our intention is to spark curiosity, provoke discussion, and encourage readers to imagine -- and pursue -- the exciting possibilities that lie ahead.

PMID:40997898 | DOI:10.1088/1361-648X/ae0be1

BMJ Open. 2025 Sep 23;15(9):e103506. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103506.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Although low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is established as the primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, some individuals with LDL-C within desirable limits still develop coronary artery disease (CAD). Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) has emerged as a genetically determined independent risk factor for CVD. This study aims to investigate Lp(a) by determining its association with coronary artery stenosis severity, identifying its ethnic-specific genetic determinants and assessing its relationship with an energy-dense dietary pattern.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The PUTRA-CV study is a 3-year, multicentre, case-control observational study involving adult patients who have undergone coronary angiography. The primary outcome is the association between Lp(a) levels and the severity of angiographic CAD (assessed by Gensini or Syntax score). Secondary outcomes include the frequencies of Lp(a)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10455872 and rs3798220) and the association between dietary patterns and Lp(a) levels. Lp(a) will be measured using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric method, and SNPs will be genotyped using high-resolution melting. Dietary intake will be assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data will be analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarise population characteristics. Bivariate analyses will use chi-square (χ2), independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests as appropriate. The independent association between Lp(a) and coronary artery stenosis severity will be determined using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. Empirically driven dietary patterns will be derived using reduced rank regression, and their association with Lp(a) will be assessed. For genetic analysis, allele frequencies of the LPA SNPs rs10455872 and rs3798220 will be calculated and compared between cases and controls.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been obtained from the ethics committees of the Ministry of Health Malaysia (NMRR ID-24-00877-2ID-IIR), Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM-2024-246), Universiti Teknologi MARA (REC/07/2024-OT/FB/2) and Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (MREC ID NO: 2 02 453-13692). The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and conferences.

PMID:40987738 | DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103506

Health Sci Rep. 2025 Sep 19;8(9):e71276. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.71276. eCollection 2025 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Bangladesh. Despite its impact on the health of Bangladeshi women of reproductive age, research on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to cervical cancer, particularly among women in early reproductive age, is notably lacking. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the KAP related to cervical cancer among young women in Bangladesh.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in September and October 2023, with 627 female participants (mean age: 21.65 ± 1.49 years). A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to include informed consent, socio-demographic data, and an 11-item section on cervical cancer KAP. Analysis utilized Stata (Version 15.0) and SPSS (Version 26.0).

RESULTS: Average scores KAP were 5.40 ± 3.59, 27.10 ± 3.00, and 20.80 ± 5.99, respectively. Higher scores were associated with various socio-demographic factors, including age, employment status, presence of cooperative family members, social media usage duration, body mass index (BMI), and more. The study revealed associations between higher education, employment, younger age, lower BMI, increased social media use, and higher knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer.

CONCLUSION: The study underscores critical gaps in cervical cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among young women in Bangladesh, influenced by factors such as education, employment, BMI, and social media use. These findings emphasize the urgent need for tailored, youth-focused awareness programs and socio-behavioral interventions to improve cervical cancer prevention and control efforts in similar LMICs settings.

PMID:40978309 | PMC:PMC12447355 | DOI:10.1002/hsr2.71276

Neuroscience. 2025 Sep 19;586:121-129. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.023. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Rats with a loss-of-function mutation in the contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Cntnap2) gene exhibit increased acoustic startle response magnitudes, paralleling the acoustic hyperreactivity that is observed in CNTNAP2-associated disorders in humans, including autism spectrum disorder. Previous studies have found increased neural activity in the brainstem region that mediates the acoustic startle response, the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC). This increased neural activity was predominantly caused by increased PnC firing rates in female Cntnap2 KO rats, whereas in male Cntnap2 KO rats an increased number of PnC giant neurons were recruited in response to startle sounds. However, the mechanisms underlying this increased PnC activity in Cntnap2 KO rats are currently unknown. We thus investigated potential factors that could contribute to increased PnC activity: we analyzed the expression of glutamate receptor subunits Gria1 and Gria4 in PnC giant neurons, given the glutamatergic nature of auditory inputs into the PnC. Additionally, we investigated the activation of cochlear root neurons (CRNs), the major input neurons to the PnC within the acoustic startle circuit. We found no differences in Gria1 or Gria4 mRNA levels in PnC giant neurons of Cntnap2 KO rats, but increased CRN activation after exposure to startle sounds in KO rats. These findings indicate that at least some of the changes leading to Cntnap2-/--associated hyperreactivity occur in the cochlear nucleus and/or the cochlear nerve root.

PMID:40976435 | DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.023

J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2025 Sep 19. doi: 10.23736/S0021-9509.25.13339-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The management of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (uTBAD) remains a subject of ongoing debate. While best medical therapy (BMT) has been the conventional approach, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has been proposed as an alternative due to its potential to promote aortic remodeling and reduce long-term complications. However, conflicting evidence regarding its survival benefits, procedural risks, and long-term durability has limited its widespread adoption. Three contemporary randomized controlled trials, IMPROVE-AD, EARNEST, and SUNDAY, are currently evaluating the role of TEVAR in uTBAD management. IMPROVE-AD, conducted across North America, aims to determine whether TEVAR reduces all-cause mortality and major aortic complications over six years in a cohort of 1,100 patients. The Scandinavian SUNDAY trial focuses on the subacute phase of uTBAD, investigating aortic remodeling, procedural safety, and long-term survival. EARNEST, based in the UK, integrates clinical, anatomical, and economic endpoints, assessing cost-effectiveness alongside patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes. This article provides a comparative analysis of these trials, examining their study designs, inclusion criteria, intervention protocols, and outcome measures. By synthesizing their methodologies and expected findings, this review contextualizes the evolving role of TEVAR in uTBAD and highlights key considerations for future clinical practice. The results of these trials are expected to shape guideline recommendations, refine patient selection criteria, and clarify TEVAR's long-term benefits in uTBAD management.

PMID:40968642 | DOI:10.23736/S0021-9509.25.13339-9

Cell Biochem Biophys. 2025 Sep 18. doi: 10.1007/s12013-025-01896-y. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40965830 | DOI:10.1007/s12013-025-01896-y

ACS Chem Biol. 2025 Sep 15. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.5c00515. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Reactive functional groups may be incorporated into proteins or may emerge from natural amino acids in exceptional architectures. Anhydride formation is triggered by calcium in the self-processing module (SPM) of Neisseria meningitidis FrpC, which we previously engineered for "NeissLock" ligation to an unmodified target protein. Here, we explored bacterial diversity, discovering a related module with ultrafast anhydride formation. We dissected this swift SPM to generate a split NeissLock system, providing a second layer of control of anhydride generation: first mixing N- and C-terminal NeissLock moieties and second adding millimolar amounts of calcium. Split NeissLock generated a minimal fusion tag, permitting binder expression in mammalian cells with complex post-translational modifications and avoiding self-cleavage while transiting the calcium-rich secretory pathway. Employing spontaneous amidation between SpyTag003 and SpyCatcher003, we dramatically accelerated split NeissLock reconstitution, allowing a rapid high-yield reaction to naturally occurring targets. We established a specific covalent reaction to endogenous Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor using split NeissLock via Transforming Growth Factor-α secreted from mammalian cells. Modular ligation was demonstrated on living cells through site-specific coupling of the clot-busting enzyme tissue plasminogen activator or a computationally designed cytokine. Split NeissLock provides a modular architecture to generate highly reactive functionality, with inducibility and simple genetic encoding for enhanced cellular modification.

PMID:40947984 | DOI:10.1021/acschembio.5c00515

ACS Chem Biol. 2025 Sep 15. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.5c00515. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Reactive functional groups may be incorporated into proteins or may emerge from natural amino acids in exceptional architectures. Anhydride formation is triggered by calcium in the self-processing module (SPM) of Neisseria meningitidis FrpC, which we previously engineered for "NeissLock" ligation to an unmodified target protein. Here, we explored bacterial diversity, discovering a related module with ultrafast anhydride formation. We dissected this swift SPM to generate a split NeissLock system, providing a second layer of control of anhydride generation: first mixing N- and C-terminal NeissLock moieties and second adding millimolar amounts of calcium. Split NeissLock generated a minimal fusion tag, permitting binder expression in mammalian cells with complex post-translational modifications and avoiding self-cleavage while transiting the calcium-rich secretory pathway. Employing spontaneous amidation between SpyTag003 and SpyCatcher003, we dramatically accelerated split NeissLock reconstitution, allowing a rapid high-yield reaction to naturally occurring targets. We established a specific covalent reaction to endogenous Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor using split NeissLock via Transforming Growth Factor-α secreted from mammalian cells. Modular ligation was demonstrated on living cells through site-specific coupling of the clot-busting enzyme tissue plasminogen activator or a computationally designed cytokine. Split NeissLock provides a modular architecture to generate highly reactive functionality, with inducibility and simple genetic encoding for enhanced cellular modification.

PMID:40947984 | DOI:10.1021/acschembio.5c00515

Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2025 Sep 14:e32038. doi: 10.1002/pbc.32038. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Younger age is a recognized risk factor for veno-occlusive disease (VOD), yet no prior studies have focused on diagnostic criteria and outcomes in very young children. This retrospective study compared overall survival (OS) in very young children with and without a clinical diagnosis of VOD, in addition to comparing OS for those with clinical VOD versus those who retrospectively fulfilled VOD criteria.

DESIGN/METHODS: Included were patients who received their first hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) for any indication at less than 4 years of age between January 1, 2016 and October 31, 2021. Three pediatric VOD criteria were retrospectively applied to subjects.

RESULTS: Of 150 HCT recipients less than 4 years old, 18 were clinically diagnosed with VOD at a median of 14 days. More patients with VOD were admitted to the ICU [79% vs. 15%, p < 0.001]. Of those with VOD, 78% required peritoneal drainage, 17% pleural effusion drainage, and 56% respiratory failure. All patients with VOD survived to discharge and to Day +100. In allo-recipients, OS at Day +365, cumulative incidence of Grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) at Day +100, and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) at Day +365 were similar between those with and without VOD. Median length of stay was longer in those with VOD [60.5 vs. 38 days, p < 0.001]. More patients retrospectively met criteria for VOD than were clinically diagnosed.

CONCLUSION: While VOD in very young children can be highly morbid, they have excellent early survival. Retrospective evaluation demonstrates that only some patients who fulfilled VOD criteria were clinically diagnosed.

PMID:40947555 | DOI:10.1002/pbc.32038

Dev Cell. 2025 Sep 8;60(17):2218-2236. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2025.06.032.

ABSTRACT

Single-cell studies on breast tissue have contributed to a change in our understanding of breast epithelial diversity that has, in turn, precipitated a lack of consensus on breast cell types. The confusion surrounding this issue highlights a possible challenge for advancing breast atlas efforts. In this perspective, we present our consensus on the identities, properties, and naming conventions for breast epithelial cell types and propose goals for future atlas endeavors. Our proposals and their underlying thought processes aim to catalyze the adoption of a shared model for this tissue and to serve as guidance for other investigators facing similar challenges.

PMID:40925326 | DOI:10.1016/j.devcel.2025.06.032